Monday, May 29, 2006

AMD's balance sheet

To help those pondering the third factory news (or conversion of Fab30 to Fab38), I have prepared the following table with the help of the data available in Google finance about AMD:

In Millions of USD (except for per share items) As of 2006-03-26 As of 2005-12-25 As of 2005-09-25 As of 2005-06-26 As of 2005-03-27
Total Equity 4709.92 3351.84 2974.24 2846.61 2934.7












Total Common Shares Outstanding 483.39 435.53 401.96 396.33 394.7






Equity per share 9.74 7.7 7.4 7.18 7.44






Approximate stock price at quarter ending 36 31 23 17 16






Approx. Share Price/Book Value ratio 3.69 4.03 3.11 2.37 2.15

As we may see, when AMD was at $36 it wasn't even trading at 4x book value. Today, at $31+, we are, relating to the latest report, at 3.2x book value. This severely discredits the accusations of stock dillution formulated against AMD. In any case, it is important to see how much the book value of the company has risen, being so big, it is very notorious and phenomenal.

Assuming that the 2.5 G$ investment is raised half and half between stock issuance and debt, the stock holders equity will grow by 1.2 G$. At a price of $30 per share, we are speaking about 40 M shares, or 8.3% of the float. Assuming 3x share price to book value, that means that the infusion of 1.2 G$ translates to (100% + 3*8.3%)/(100% + 8.3%) * $31 = 115% * $31 = $35.75. Take into account that the 15% share price will be absorbed along the following 18 months.

Of course that there are more details involved such as the expenses of decomissioning Fab30 to make it Fab38, but I think the general approach works, do your own calculations if you want and let us know of your results.

[ Update May 30 ]
Look also at the dramatic decline of Inventories in the last two quarters. This speaks of a company that is selling off all of its production (Q1 06, Q4 05, Q3 05, Q2 05, Q1 05)
Total Inventory 337.22 388.63 931.76 911.16 846.15

As a comparison, look at the financials for Dell, and you will see the opposite: 20+% reduction in Equity, a Book Value of about $1.5, meaning a multiplier of more than 10x!!

Third Factory, 300mm

"As global demand continues to rise for AMD products, we are scaling our manufacturing capacity intelligently to meet our customers' growing needs"
...
"We expect that AMD's momentum and demand for our products will continue to increase, fueled by our technology leadership, our commitment to customer-centric innovation and the continuing global antitrust scrutiny that will ensure truly competitive markets."
...
"T
hrough the combination of leading-edge equipment, Automated Precision Manufacturing (APM) and the great people of Dresden, the plant will [reach] full capacity by the end of 2008"

Dr. Héctor de Jesús Ruiz, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer.

Is it justified a third factory for AMD?
How would the stock market appreciate this 2.6 G$ investment?
Are there other implications about this move?
These questions are what is going to be treated in this article.

1) AMD currently has a 200mm factory running at over 100% designed capacity (it is "borrowing" area from Fab36 among other tricks to accomplish this, according to Charlie Demerjian), by the time Fab36 will be reaching full capacity, substantial investments would be needed in Fab30, including upgrading to 300mm rather than 200mm equipment. It has been demonstrated that there is sinergy between AMD Fabs, look at what Charlie says about Fab 30 doing 150% what it was designed for thanks to spare space in Fab36; that helps to justify to put all the eggs in one basket. Besides, the German government loves this kind of economical activity, and everything seems to indicate that it will continue to underwrite, and even finance, the construction of facilities.

When Dr. Ruiz says "the Great People of Dresden", it is not just a courteous remark, it is true. The great AMD technologies benefit greatly from having top-notch technicians controlling its greatest manufacturing process APM. To be inserted in the heart of Europe is another advantage.

2) This leads me to Wall Street's appreciation: The Street loves when a company puts money directly into the "Capital" section of the Assets ledger, these investments increase the book value of AMD. Better than that, the financial help the German government would provide it going to be seen as a free-bonus. This is no idle or spare production capacity neither, the Street acknowledges that AMD has very good semiconductor manufacturing technology, thus, it may not believe AMD to be able to sell a 100% processor full production, but it doesn't require much imagination to understand that the capacity will be used anyway.

3) The announcement itself is a confirmation that AMD is jacking up its expectations. Fab30 all alone could supply 22% of the market, but let's say that it was using tricks. We can be sure that Fab30 was supplying 18% of the market. Fab36, with 300mm wafers can produce more than double 200mm Fab30, thus, Fab30 + Fab36 are enough for 54% of the market, consequently, the radical upgrading of Fab30 (Fab 38) means that AMD is aiming for more than half of the market (!), significantly above the 30% that it has officially declared to aspire to.

Does AMD has enough steam to aspire to more than half of the market?

A quick overview of Intel's general situation provides a grim outlook for that company:

  1. The transition to 65nm was neutered by AMD's 90nm sSOI; pushing them further down the path toward 42nm. But without SOI, or really deciding whether it is time for immersion technologies or not, the efforts put into 42nm so prematurely may prove rushed and wasted
  2. A significant portion of the benefits to go to smaller scales is lost because of architectural defficiencies. In particular, this thing of the gigantic caches that Intel processors have to try to compensate for not having DCA/ccHTT/HTT can not continue, because the physics of the shrinks determine decreasing power/performance benefits. In particular, Core2 65nm processors are actually larger than the 90nm products they come to replace, thus no economies in production. And just like it was explained before, smaller scales have greater power leakage overall.
  3. Core2 are dauntingly complex µ-procs. This means that there is no architectural improvement coming; Intel decided to rely solely in shrinks to improve speeds and performance. This is not only my opinion, but also that of Ars Technica's eminence Jon Hannibal Stokes: "Core's performance will scale primarily with increases in the number of cores per die (i.e. feature size shrinks) and with the addition of more cache, and secondarily with modest, periodic clockspeed increases". Athough he doesn't says it explicitly, after reading his article one reaches the conclusion that Intel lwon't be able to really do any significant modification to this µ-arch., it would be easier to start over with Banias again.
  4. Also take into account that the complexity may induce nasty problems.
  5. Intel also has a dilemma about Itanium. Should it kill it? Should it keep funding that losses generator?
  6. What about Intel factories? Some say that Intel has worthless factories that it hasn't written off trying to defer the decomissioning expense for better times. In any case, "CopyExactly!" seems so primitive when compared to APM...
  7. Still has to develop the equivalents of SOI, DCA, HTT, ccHTT, APM, etc. to really catch up to AMD instead of "fleeing ahead" to smaller scales.
Having demonstrated that Intel will cede more market share, we can also remember that more and more consumer electronics is being transformed into some sort of personal computer technology. For instance, I watch VHS, DVDs, cable and public TV on my laptop, using my custom VLC Server/Client streaming setup over my wireless network. I also believe that the video game consoles stimulate rather than discourage the market for computers. Because who is going to chat with fellow players through the console rather than a computer?, besides, the entry-level barriers are lower for Computer games than consoles, thus the highest creativity will be expressed in computer games.

AMD's "Ecosystem" approach also has a lot of potential: Coprocessors, and partners with vested interests in pushing AMD forward. Remember that AMD leaves a lot more of opportunities to add value to partners than Intel

Confirming that AMD is closer to the bleeding edge of technology than Intel, there is the potential of things such as Z-Ram (Zero Capacitor RAM with 5 times higher densities than regular six-transistor flip-flops). I don't know about the introduction rates for semiconductor technology, but it seems that very soon, like in the scale of one or two years, AMD will be able to include Z-Ram either as L2 or L3 cache memory. All that separates AMD from glory (and Intel from demise) is 8 Mb of cache internal to the µ-proc. Z-Ram may be precisely that. Remember that the gigantic L2 caches is the snorkel that prevents the already shit-submerged Intel from drawning, Z-Ram may nullify that...

AMD does have the package to get to over 50% market share:
  1. Good, proven management
  2. Good, proven, exciting technology
  3. The brand name has appreciated significantly, creating a loyal customer base
  4. Technological leadership assures media exposure, free good publicity, public awareness, toghether with the enthusiasm of partners in the ecosystem
  5. The ecosystem itself
  6. Production Capacity!
The stock market is very myopic, that's why it thinks that a duopoly is not as profitable as Intel's monopoly; but it is not true. Once the technology market gets used to the competitive struggle among AMD and Intel, I predict that an era of technology flourishment will began. It happens every time a key technology gets developed by leaps and bounds because of competitive struggles. That's where the profits will come from to compensate the smaller margins.

My theory is that AMD is very cheap at a market capitalization of less than 23% the combined market caps of Intel and AMD, because that is the true value of AMD given its market share; which today is 121 G$ * 23% ~ 27.8 G$, which today means $57.50 per share.

In the future, I will cease to invest in AMD when it reaches an inflation adjusted value of todays 61 G$, or $120 per share. This is a four-bagger.

Thursday, May 18, 2006

I still hate Lucy

It is not clear from my latest post that I still despise Lucy.

Lucy is still headed for bankruptcy, that is a company that doesn't care about the customer. That doesn't fly once the customers find out that they are unappreciated.

And I am not more optimistic about AMD because Lucy, the bottom of the barrel, decided to smudge AMD's shinning reputation by finally giving in to the pressure and associating with it.

As a matter of fact, I consider far more important than the Dell news, today's opinion of the Illustrious Rahul Sood from Voodoo PC who said "In the meantime I can't talk too much about Conroe other than to say I am very impressed with the performance - it's $%*#ing fast man, seriously" because it made me change my opinion on Core2: First, since I still don't understand how Intel could reduce so dramatically power consumption on Woodcrest (see my previous posts where I detail why the features didn't seem to me sufficient to really explain Core2 claimed power efficiency, summary below), "The Inquirer" news about the subject were received with skepticism by me; but now R. Sood adding to the Core2 chorus really weakened my convictions.

I fear that tomorrow we will lose much of that 15% we gained today, just as what happened when AMD reported fantastic earnings: Everybody was waiting for a good earnings report as an exit point for this roller coaster, perhaps now a lot of people will use these news as an exit point too. I am not sure, though, these news are very disrruptive, the boost of market confidence is very significant. I think that the Turion X2 and the power efficient processors are compensation for my improved understanding of the real threat that Core2 is, thus Dell may be seen as a net positive.

Bunnysuit IconIt is important that you know that I didn't think this deal possible, because I think that Dell and Intel have a obscure secret about their relationship that prevents the former to be free and deal with AMD as anyone else; thus I was very wrong, and I sort of lost the bet, so I deserve a "bunnysuit" for this post.

Again, I ask you, members of my honorable audience to not forget to leave a name or callsign in the comments, a simple "I am "whoever", blablabla" would do perfectly.


Summary of why Core2 power inefficient: They are larger, even at 65nm, than Pentium Ms, they have more than twice the transistors, which switch faster, and to top all that off, they have much more execution units that can only be used marginally, with less power efficiency. Intel claims that they did micromanagement of power in the new arquitecture, but after looking at the material readily available, I came to the conclusion that those features can not be enough; so I am really curious to know why or how Core2s could be as power efficient as touted.

Congratulations dear Dellusionals

Okay, Dell is going AMD in 4-way servers.

The world is really upside down. Do you remember I was speaking of going crazy?

Well, this is what I remember from my infancy:

Lucy taking the football off Charlie BrownThat is, Lucy never allowed Charlie Brown to kick the football, and Charlie Brown never learns.

The same thing happened with Dell and the AMD investors: Always saying that AMD was a "distinct possibility" and never actually doing it.

But we will have to rewrite the comic books, this time, Charlie Brown hit the football and scored a 15% field goal. I insist, I am becoming crazy. Unbelievable things are happening too often, I must be seeing some sort of DeLLusions.

I warn you again, I am becoming crazy, you should take what follows seriously, but:

  • Doesn't it arise suspicions that Woodcrest is coming in June and yet Lucy finally allows Charlie Brown to kick the football? Woodcrest can't possibly be so cool...
  • This is not an empty announcement, Dell must have felt excruciating pains to finally gave in to the pressure, that is, the market is there for quad-dual core Opterons and quad-true quad core servers.
  • It is the high end of the market! Dell invited AMD to do business in the elite market, the one with the highest profits, which requires the highest credibility, in which businesses last the longer.
  • It has been demonstrated, just as I been explaining, that the real differentiator among HP and Dell is AMD.
With the field goal scored, the AMD dellusional investor has a lot of credibility points above the rest of the market, this 15% jump overnight will kill a lot of AMD shorts after the squeeze, and won't allow the "why should I hold my shares if it is going down and I will be able to purchase them back anytime?" because another mega jump may happen: Another announcement of a blockbuster product.

Good that I covered my written calls, this is all gains!

Wednesday, May 17, 2006

Dear Shorts and Bears

I sincerely hope you are also having a nice hard laught at my latest public ridicule. I advised you to run to cover, because there were coming three major good news for AMD: The Core2-killer power efficient processors, the launching of Dual Core Turions and Hewlett & Packard results above expectations. Nevertheless, the stock you took bearish positions in is down. Congratulations on the money gained.

Well, I must be a fool, because I haven't understood what is going on, I still want to put more money on bullish positions in AMD. My (surely) damaged brain tells me that:

  • AMD has a number of partners to develop platforms, that means competition which will, compared to Intel's centrino duo, trio, quartet,...:
    • Push down costs and prices
    • Improve quality, performance and appeal. Remember that we are talking about the combined competitive creativity of nVidia, ATI, Broadcom, Hewlett & Packard, Sun Microsystems, IBM, even Gateway, Acer and the whole channel too
    • Offer variety to suit every customer need
    • All those companies acquiring products from AMD even if they are inferior to Intel's just because they can add much more value to them
    These all are benefits of having a real ecosystem: AMD allows partners a lot more aggregated value potential.
  • Silicon On Insulator will give them always the edge on power efficiency, and possibilities such as Z-Ram memory gigantic caches
  • The integrated memory controller (Direct Connect Architecture) coupled with I/O connectivity through Hypertransport, and the glueless, single-space memory model that Cache Coherent Hypertransport offers for n-way systems and coprocessors guarantees not only
    • Superior 2, 4, N-way performance
    • Coprocessors
    • but also pervasive advantages in new crucial features such as Virtualization (as I explained here)
    • It takes ages to design, debug, develop, mass produce, thus it is as long term an advantage as it gets
  • Simple, straightforward and sound designs such as K8 are always better than over complicated and pompuous designs such as Core2 for obvious and non-obvious reasons.
  • Repeated abuses by Intel are reason enough to opt for AMD.
Please, laugh, I am telling you that I am dumbfounded by my losses in the stock market, I just put my money in my foolish opinion that it should account for something that AMD has right now better products than Intel, and even if Intel's promised pies in the sky are actually better than AMD's, anyway AMD:
  • Has superior products in mass production, mass marketed
  • APM allows AMD to react swiftly to changing market preferences or strategies, such as concentrating today everything on dual core mobiles, and two months down the road in n-way servers
  • All financial indicators in AMD have been steadily improving
You know, I am becoming crazy, because I see news like Intel crashing because they can't sell their products with AMD overcompeting them all across the board and instead of that being a reason for confidence about AMD in the stock market, it has been a reason for fears!, it also makes me crazy that the single most important differentiator among Hewlett & Packard and Dell is that the former is a slave of Intel processors, and yet Dell going down the toilet takes AMD with it... I wonder, "how come"? Dell is *not* a customer of AMD!! It is weird, but my faulty logic tells me that since Dell has less credibility in general, the fact that it is refusing AMD must have less importance than when it was a successful company...

Keep laughing, because to tell you the truth, Dr. Ruiz, the wetback CEO, and the Engineer President, Mr. Meyer, really inspire a lot of confidence in me, but Mr. Otellini and fellows really make me laugh, truly!

It has been so repetitive that I see financial institutions downgrading AMD such as the Deutsche Bank, Merryll Lynch, Bank of America, and at the same time increasing their long positions; and similarly, pumpy&dumpy with Intel that I don't know what's the meaning of a downgrade anymore. It is so utterly confusing to see the greatest news I have seen about AMD in a while, you know, the justification of the whole power efficiency campaing which made me do the effort to inform you, dear shorts and bears, with all of my sincerely, writing this article that you should cover; and then realize that while I was writing the article Bank of America was downgrading AMD as if instead of good news there were bad news. It makes me wonder, what are good news for AMD? If it sells a lot with the greatests margins, it takes a 6% hit. If it does great products, it goes down because it is in a collision course with Intel, if they increase production, that's bad because they have larger depreciation expenses, etc.

The weirdest thing of all is that I am consistently making predictions about the technology market and they fulfill, but my interpretation should be wrong because the stock market seems to understand them exactly the opposite.

The laughs don't end there. I am being contrarian to my instincts. In the first manifestation of schizophrenia in my life, being totally optimistic about AMD, I took moderately bearish positions such as writing in-the-money (covered) calls, and WON MONEY!

I expect the quality of my posts to get down, like I said, I am becoming crazy, not because I am losing money, but because I see the stock market world upside down. Since I am heading for a margin call, probably I won't be able to pay a Psyquiatrist who could help me be clear minded enough as to keep the quality up. Perhaps my friends and family should move to declare me legally incompetent.

My public ridicules are so pathetic that even I am having a blast!

Tuesday, May 16, 2006

Shorts and Bears: Run to cover!

The bearish position game on AMD is over.

AMD has unveiled a new line of power efficient processors, the official news here. For instance, a Desktop Athlon 64 X2 can be made with a power envelope of mere 14 Watts!! that's about 25% of the power consumption of the promised Intel Merom mobile chip.

Why is this important?:

  • Fanless: Can use just a passive disipator: No noise, no mechanical parts that wear down and deteriorate
  • No overheating: Longer lasting circuits, better overclocking possibilities
  • Tighter packaging (same space, more processors), or alternatively: A smaller media center pc
  • Better accessibility: It is easier to work in a computer that doesn't have a turbine of a fan cooler
  • Longer lasting battery
  • At 14 watts, a pedal or a hand crank power device makes sense (although it is true I am kidding ;-)
  • Smaller electricity bill: Remember that heat in a computer requires air conditioning that is also expensive; it has been calculated (sorry about not having the link) that the electricity bill in supporting air conditioning is twice what the computer itself consumes.
  • Once the upcoming revolution of solid state storage (using Flash memories instead of harddrives) takes place, the brand with the best power envelope would be the natural choice for the designers of an entirely new generation of computing devices whoose batteries will last a lot more, like what happened when the world switched to digital mobile telephones compared to analog.
Why is AMD able to pull this trick off?: Silicon On Insulator. AMD does strained germanium doping silicon on insulator chips. Intel only does Strained Silicon. Today, the transistors are so small that they can't prevent current leakage --a problem that gets exponentially worse with shrinking dimensions-- thus, although the shrinkage to 65nm still gives power benefits due to smaller transistors, there is trade-off that explains why Intel's products at 65nm have been so rather dissapointing. In any case, SOI means that the transistors are floating in an insulator that helps a lot with the leakage. Intel insists in claiming that SOI is just a fanciful and expensive way to do chips without concrete benefits. Remember that in my previous articles, I have serious doubts at the possibility of Intel promised power envelopes to be true...

Another thing: A lot of people and investors were worried about AMD doing this worldwide advertising campaign with Intel announcing a giant progress in power consumption in their chips, for a while some people became worried at Intel promised products being actually superior in power consumption to AMD's; but no way, this was the trick AMD had up its sleeves.

Thus, from the point of view of an investor, Silicon On Insulator is becoming a huge strategical (long term) AMD advantage that is being reaped in Power Consumption and perhaps soon enough in Z-Ram gigantic caches and the techniques that IBM claims give huge switching speed increase. Intel announced that they are already moving towards 45nm, without Silicon On Insulator, thus all these benefits of SOI may evidentiate Intel's move to 45nm as rushed and worthless, another huge effort lost, if they have to go back to square zero to rethink their production lines to include SOI. (Perhaps something like that would occur with immersion anyway)

And remember that to be fair, the Front Side Bus should be counted in a comparison to AMD processors, or at least the power consumption of the integrated memory controller should be discounted, so, AMD numbers are actually even better!!

--* FRIENDS, PLEASE, POST A COMMENT WITH A NAME, CALLSIGN OR ANYTHING BUT ANNONYMOUS *--

Monday, May 15, 2006

Head-on collision

The summary of my latest post is this:

The market for Microprocessors was going to be excellent for this year.

But some events happened.

AMD did such a terrific job, that naturally and unavoidably put itself in a collision course to Intel. Dell, thanks to the bit of extra pressure it meant having dead-non-competitive processors broke and initiated its collapse, and Microsoft failed miserably at giving a reason to speak of future.

Now that AMD is in a head-on collision course, can it survive?

Sure! The N-Way server market guarantees it thanks to DCA/HTT/ccHTT alone, plus all the traditional competitive advantages.

What would happen if AMD survives a head-on collision against Intel? That it will prove the viability of the Duopoly and will reach who knows what stock price.

In October 2005 something similar happened, good results, and a plunge (although much more moderate), but the priciple is the same: The objective bad news are already here, AMD is priced for its mediocrity and Conroe's (Core2) excellence. If neither is true, well, you know.

Keep writing the covered calls, but only out of the money.

Thursday, May 11, 2006

Over Reaction

I thought at late november that the market for x86 microprocessors this year was going to be stellar. There are some phenomenons taking place that pretty much guaranteed it:

  • The convergence between entertainment and computers
  • The launching of Microsoft Vista
  • The increasing market for home editing of digital video with its huge demands of raw performance
  • The impressive strentgh of the digital audio market
  • Growth of the digital photography market
  • The development of all the normal computing needs
  • The growth of China and India markets for technology
  • The growth of mobile computing.
Some of these principles would operate on the consumer side, some others on the server side. For instance, the heating of the competition struggle between Google, Yahoo, and MSN search engines guarantees growth in the market for servers. Leading edge games keep requiring 1+ K$ microprocessors, etc.

Since AMD was in a much better position to benefit for that clearly defined bullish market for its products thanks to the abysmal all-around advantages they have over the competition, the easiest investment was AMD, which climbed like a rocket up to a multiyear record of $42. But then something happened, and came back crashing to levels it had *before* its two greatest quarters: 2005 Q4 and 2006 Q1.

I feel the need to explain what happened.

Right now, by coincidence, it is happening the collapse of not one, or two market Bellwethers with a lot of influence on the microprocessor market, but three! And what kind of Bellwethers: Intel, Dell, and Microsoft!

They are so important that I won't abuse my audience's intelligence summarizing them.

So, the market for microprocessors became shit for the year.

AMD is healthy, strong, growing; but right in the middle of the trio.

Intel is trying desperately to preserve the monopoly, betting all what is left of its credibility at the success of at best mediocre bloated products that try to accomplish by brute force what AMD's products do through sound design. Finally Windows collapsed under its own weight and Microsoft hasn't been able to build anything else on top of it after five years of trying (!). And Dell...

Let me tell you about Dell. Unexplicably some years ago they decided not to care about the customers, yanked the technical support to make an extra dime, which in reality made them slide a bit. To compensate, Dell decided to cheapen the products diminishing quality. Then the slide became worse, and then they decided that they were going to "compensate" by fooling the consumers with rebates and warranties impossible to execute, manipulating the accounting books at earnings, and not giving the customers what they want - AMD. Perhaps the uncompetitiveness of Intel processors was the last straw that broke the Dell's back, they are now in a terminal collapse. Please, members of the honorable audience, I need to understand why this all began, post a comment.

Going back to Microsoft, it finally hit the wall of complexity. I would say that Windows finally collapsed under its own weight, Windows is a staggering collection of patches. See the bottom of this post for a better description of Windows problems.

Anyway, these three former Wall Street darlings really lost status seriously. All three of them insist in the very ways that got them in the hole, with increasing degrees of desperation. Thus they are doing truly stupid things, and the net consequence is that the market for computers became shit.

Microsoft doesn't provide a needed 64bit operating system for the masses, thus what would be one of the greatest current advantages of AMD became irrelevant. Dell is dumping its products, thus damaging the market for all other players. And Intel is doing everything in its power to prevent AMD to become stronger.

I concurr with the opinion that Wall Street's Market Makers have a lot of clout in the financial media. This is important because due to tradition, history, and amounts, Intel, Microsoft and Dell are companies for which the Market Makers will go the extra mile to protect.

That's bad for AMD: The MM can't even allow the public to have the perception that there is a creditable supplier of 64 bits µ-procs, because that would mean that Microsoft has just been incompetent at Vista and at providing drivers for XP-64. So, on top of a bad market, this company will have to endure a lot of media flak.

Finally, the money at AMD is very weak. This is a company with an awful record as an investment, basically it has given zero returns. It doesn't have a really solid trajectory of earnings, in the past it has conquered the technological leadership only to crash harder than Intel with the 2000 bubble; all things that provide lots of fears and worries to the investors every time a credible threat shows up.

When there is just a bit of nervous selling, these fears scale into a multiple percentage points sell off. Since temporarily the stock becomes severely undervalued, the reality of the fundamentals make it rebound, to produce a roller coaster ride.

That's why the market overreacts in both directions.

I have the special benefit of really understanding the technology behind these products, thus I am in the position of independently coming up with an assessment of the chances for this company. And my verdict is bullish, very bullish, in fact.

I realized that I became an "early adopter", which means that I am in football terms in "off-side", ahead of where the market is. In any case, I feel comfortable buying deep on margin the shares. To benefit from my understanding of the turbulence that surrounds this company, I am writing monthly slightly out of the money covered calls. This is my second month employing the strategy with success.

In case you don't know much about options, a covered call write is when the holder of shares backs up with them the written call contracts. If the price goes down, then the fee obtained by selling the call contracts mitigates the losses on the shares, if the price goes up, but below the contracts' strike price, it is all gains for the writer. Thus, this strategy doesn't give money in short-term spikes up, gives money in slight growth or decline, and is wide open to crashes in the stock price. But I am not afraid of AMD being a bad long term investment, so I happily incurr in that risk.


WINDOWS: This is the explanation about Windows. Windows was based in good ideas that became corrupt thanks to the emphasis Microsoft wanted to give to certain features in certain circumstances.

For instance, NT3.51, a "serious" operating system, had the hardware properly separated from the operating system. But by the time Microsoft wanted to launch NT4, it was clear that Microsoft didn't have a good contender to Unix, just a well received User Interface (the one of Windows 95), thus it had to make sure that NT4 had the W95 U.I.; but the hardware separation, vital to have a robust Operating System, made that much harder to have the fast and fancy Windows95-like user interface for NT4, thus Microsoft broke the separation and included deep into the kernel some graphical issues. Thus NT4 became vulnerable to problems in the graphics hardware.

In Windows there are three processes that must collaborate for every application to run, including the one that controls the user interface. That is an idea that is not bad per se, but in Windows it was taken to a degree, and distorted in a way that made the operating system almost inoperant because all applications are catastrophically vulnerable to all those complex processes interoperating. For instance, have you noticed how when your computer gets in trashing because it doesn't have enough RAM memory for a demanding application, you basically can't fire up the Task Manager to kill the application because although the system is in trashing, yet the Task Manager is requesting more memory to load the graphical widgets it needs? Thus there is no way to actually execute an important operating system service such as killing a process when you need it the most.

There is also the issue of security. Since all software produced by Microsoft disregards good software practices (because of marketing reasons that have proven correct), it became a tower of patches that no one would ever be able to audit, with more security holes than a colander. The only approach that would work to solve this issue would be the
tabula rasa, but Microsoft doesn't dare.

Vista is a nearly perfect complement in Software to Intel's V//V. A brand, or name, that really doesn't tell you nothing about what is it. Nobody really knows what is it either, it is just a marketing buzzword. What are the problems, defficiencies, or innovations that Microsoft is going to put in play with Vista?

I had one idea: It was natural for Microsoft to make use of the opportunity to really clean the Application Programming Interface (the set of services the O.S. gives to the applications, the very definition of the O.S. itself) to make it up to current standards in reliability, security, stability; and of course, implementing new and exciting User Interface ideas. But no, it seems that Microsoft chose to do XP service pack 3 and call it "Vista" (by the way, XP itself may be thought off as a Windows 2000 service pack).

I wrote a premonitory article in January about Vista and Microsoft, it is still vigent

Wednesday, May 03, 2006

Steam Engines versus Diesel and wishful thinking

There is too much confidence about Intel capabilities. It seems that a lot of analysts, investors, and technology enthusiasts think that Intel can pay its way out of any problem, thus, if AMD is Intel's problem, Intel will use its resources to kill the problem, and AMD will be destroyed. I disagree with that point of view, my reasons follow.

Intel is a greedy monopoly. The business model depends on both characteristics to be able to exploit customers and to have happy employees stuffed with stock options. That is one reason to think that Intel won't incurr in any price wars (1). Management, who relies on stock options as their main source of income (2), wouldn't want to do that; not even for long term good prospects, their exploitative and greedy attitude demand instant satisfaction. "In the long run, we are all dead" (Keynes) would seem one of their mottoes.

But they can try a similar approach: If the crux of their problems is that they have been outcompeted, and the market finally became aware of that, then the company has to offer better products. But since they are so hopelessly behind in the technology (While AMD is already doing Silicon On Insulator, Integrated Memory Controller, the upcoming single die quad cores, the coprocessor architecture that HTT 3.0 allows, APM; Intel "counters" with things such as "CopyExact!), they can't come to the market with truly better products.

The next option is to try to outcompete AMD following the brute force approach of putting more of everything known to work and selling the package for about the same price the competition sells. That is a sort of price-war: Not to manufacture products of equivalent costs to that of the competition's while selling them at steep discounts, but to manufacture extremely costly products to sell them at about the same prices as the competition. That is to sell a 4Mb L2 cache at the same price as 2Mb, 65nm at 90nm price.

That approach has been tried many times before in many markets and technologies. The latest steam train engines were by far the most complex ever designed and built, they had the largest boilers, etc.; because only through sheer sizes they were able to be up to the capabilities of the uprising Diesel/Electric engines. And the efforts to keep up were futile in the end:

The design ideas and techniques of Steam Engines were exhausted, played out, but Diesel's had the whole world ahead.

Intel's new lineup of products are steam engines. There aren't any new ideas to further the basic Pentium Pro architecture; I, for one, am skeptical from the professional point of view (summary here), about some of the design compromises Intel chose; and in particular, there are some assertions that my considerable understanding of this subject are not capable of explaining, such as the claims of higher power efficiency, or how is Intel going to successfully deal with the problem of trading off combinatorial complexities for marginal benefits so pervasive in all engineering disciplines; especially with Intel's track record.

I recently heard Henri Richard from AMD repeating the common saying that not even with 9 women it is possible to have a baby in one month; that is, it doesn't matter how much money Intel may have, the design gap is not possible to be closed in less than two years.

The problem is that AMD is in high gear, not in a reckless drive, but *cruising*, ramping two times more production capacity, with the highest market share it has ever had, highest revenue share, highest mind share, highest credibility.

Thus at Intel they have to follow for years the route of profitless existence that AMD followed until its recent emancipation. I wonder what makes the market think that AMD, which has the same management and engineers who reversed the roles with Intel at the brink of bankruptcy, all of a sudden are going to screw it all and at the same time, Intel's management, who allowed this reversal of roles, is suddenly aware of all of their mistakes and going to pull off a momentous come back after those two years.

That is wishful thinking. The market overvalued Intel and undervalued AMD. AMD demonstrated its worth, flew to the point of reaching $42 per share, too high so as to not force the comparison with Intel, thus forced the market to decide whether Intel was overvalued or not. But still the market's money was on Intel, every positive news about Intel was received with joy, every positive news about AMD with concern; that leads to a very easy to understand psychological phenomenon: Wishful thinking.

There are those who say that Intel has managed in the past to quash AMD's rebellions, that's true, but AMD never managed to get this strength before, Intel hadn't screwed it up so badly; in the past Intel could dump products in the only segment in which AMD was competitive, and succeeded because AMD never was able to get out of the "value desktop player" typecasting; today, it is Intel who is outcompeted all across the board but in mobiles in which they only have a bit of "residual" competitiveness.

The wishful thinking that supplies the credibility for more promises and more dissapointments will make the slide toward insignificance of Intel and Dell just slow and uneventful, but equally inexorable.

(1) There is a distiction between "channel clearing", what Intel is doing and proper price war.
(2) Unconfirmed

Sunday, April 30, 2006

Hello, community.

I think these AMD plans are very important, but I don't understand Japanese.

Help, please.

[update] It wasn't funny to receive a google translation link, but well, some people may think with all goodwill that perhaps one is not aware of that possibility.

Thus, just to be very clear, I need help with the slides.

Saturday, April 29, 2006

What was I thinking?

Reviewing my latest post, the summary of the predictions, there is something that I didn't publicly announce, but that I feel I need to disclose in Detail:

When at $42+ AMD started to go down on Conroe/price war fears, I took it as a buying opportunity. And since it kept going down with an impressive stream of good news and only the non-news, non-worrysome Intel developments, I started to invest increasingly aggressive bullish positions, and went as far as to buy some March calls, which went *worthless*, and substantial amounts, like 15% of my whole PF in July calls, that right now are down to less than 50%.

I was sure that AMD was going to beat the estimations, and couldn't find a reason for it to go down on good earnings. Thus, I had a specific moment, the Earnings Report, to speculate in the stock market. When one has precise timing, it is correct to go the route of options if there is a suitable combination of Expiry, Strike Price and Price.

I set up to find such adequate options to gamble. It is important to understand the mathematical theory of options. Time value decays exponentially with time, with the steepest decay the last days of vigency. Thus, you absolutely don't want to hold an option for more than 1/3 the time to expiration from the moment you bought, and in extreme circumstances, up to 1/2. So, if you are fixed on April 12 (AMD earnings) to make a bet on March 12, the proper thing to do is to buy at least June calls, but July would be much better: In case a catastrophe happens, you can sight and assume some losses waiting for another presumably positive jump due to earnings in July, much better than just being below the waterline in June.

Thus, I bought July calls merrily.

AMD reported, beat the expectations by an off-the-chart marging, provided (giving the circumstances) very bullish guidance, but AMD lost another 14%; thus, I screwed it big time with my gamble, because even though the options expire in July, it was for events that will take place this month that I bought them.

By the time the earnings report came, I was already prepared, for an adverse reaction, and fortunately abstained myself of loading more. Although very surprised by the market reaction, I knew that the general principles I described in my last posts still held, thus I followed an adaptation of the plans pointed out, and indeed wrote the covered april calls, with good profits (although I did a preemptive chicken buy-to-close instead of allowing them go worthless).

I was prepared because I understood what was my mistake: AMD became disruptive, thus risky, thus a less desirable investment. If Intel would be today very competitive against AMD, AMD would have flown, because what AMD would be doing is to little by little erode Intel's market. But Intel is in a pathetic situation, it is not that AMD "awoke the giant", it is that the market is already feeling the possibility of an Intel collapse without guarantees about AMD nor AMD intrinsic attractiveness (because it doesn't aspire to be a greedy monopoly but a teeming ecosystem leader).

I should have known better, that AMD could do slightly better than just punching Intel becoming disrruptive.

But "I should have known better" is the lament of all the smart players when they lose with options, anyway.

Still, there is people who doesn't get it, such as Sharikou and AMDACE, who think that AMD should go for the yugular right now just because it has the great chances of succeeding. That would be a catastrophe for all of us who have bullish positions on AMD.

Friday, April 21, 2006

Quarterly review of my forecasts - April

The idea behind this blog is to improve my analysis about what is going on in the technology world. I leverage that knowledge in many ways, including investments and gambling in the stock market. I am the first person interested in finding mistakes, and I find that, in the spirit of the Free and Open Source software traditions, to be fully open allows a multitude of observers to come up with interesting ideas.

I have thought that I should, from time to time, review what I have forecasted with the intention of learning from past mistakes and successes. I may leave something aside by mistake, but so far my forecasts have been:

From an article of Jan 27:
"On the mean time, every company that is in partnership with AMD is doing excellent both in the market and stocks: Rambus, Soitec, Chartered, Innovative Silicon have all jumped ahead as a direct result of a deal with AMD, and perhaps even Broadcom (confirmation in the works) are doing great. Whereas Apple is next to dissapointing, and I guess that Dell would too.

Does anyone want to buy Dell $30 puts for February?"

All of those companies are still doing fantastic. And Dell is worse. Those puts may have given money depending on the exact purchasing and selling moments, in my case, I barely made even because I think that there was some manipulation of the books, what Sharikou calls the "week X", and other details, that spared the real bleed before options expiry. This counts as a mistake, because the right recommendation should have been March. It is suicidal to be imprecise with options, all three parameters while transacting have to be totally accounted for: Price, Strike Price and Experiation.

From March 04, about the price war, I mentioned that there are factors that make us think that costumers will keep preferring AMD products despite price discounts from Intel. Intel discounted aggressively the prices to clear its channel. The measure was so inneffectual that Intel's inventories grew, and allowed Henri Richard to stellarly bash Intel saying that yes, AMD has seen price slashing on Intel on low end products nobody wants to buy. Even with those discounts, AMD's demand proved as strong as to allow Gross Margins to improve 1.2% from 57.3% to 58.5%, larger Gross Margins than Intel's (!!); while at the same time, experiencing a market share increase that according to my latest estimations, was 1.5% to 2%, to reach about 22.75% global market share, that confirms the resilience, that is, the improvement in Brand Equity.

From March 09:
"Learn the game: After a sell-off, stable growth for a while, until AMD becomes noticeable again,
and the roller coaster will begin again, until another sell-off". The sell-off continued with a bump about Dellienware to less than pre-Q4 05 earnings report levels, incredible, as if AMD would have gone backwards. That total irrationality will be substituted by growth during this quarter, although not as high as $40.

About investment, March 31
Comparing AMD and Intel to two farmers, the stern and hard working attitude of AMD is very different to that of boisterous Intel: "Right now, we are in the harvesting season, all of what AMD sawn has grown and is ready to be turned into profits [that's why it is working so hard]. The neighbor doesn't have anything but weeds. There is still a lot of people who has faith in the gigantic neighbor, he says that in the remote corner it has the greatest grain ever grown in these fields, but that just seems to be him once again bragging about what he doesn't have. If his harvest were good, he would be very busy, as we are."

Recently, in "Riding the Roller Coaster", and "Conversation with the Ticker", I pointed out the lack of support for AMD after positive results induces a sell-off on momentum seekers and technical analysts that make it deeper. That's what happened just after the conference call. But this plunge had the benefit of relieving pressure from this stock, because it seems that it is a piece of shit, and that the company is not capable of challenging Intel. Under those two assumptions, AMD grows, because it is carried forward by the long term investors, breaking the downward momentum.

That's why it wouldn't be advisable to write covered AMD short term calls, because there exists a breakout to $37+ waiting to happen, but not even think about writing naked puts, the timing isn't dependable. To go long on options is too expensive too, it would be best to allow the pessimism to be fully incorporated into the 2008 and 2007 call options b4 going long on them. But alternatively, depending on some parameters, it may be possible to go short on Intel and to hedge writing puts if you feel the downward pressure has exhausted to milk some extra change money from your short position.

My predictions about the Core µ-architecture regarding 64 bits (look for points 6 and 10) have been confirmed, indeed the recent Clovertown (dual Conroe) was seen running versions of 64 bits benchmarks as reported by Sharikou. If Intel added the REX prefix decoding to the simple decoders, then Conroe (Clovertown, Woodcrest, and Merom) would run 64 bits at top speed, but just as it was explained, the 64 bit architectural differences play well to Core's emphasis in reordering. If anything, I am surprised that we are talking of a mere 20% advancement in the higher credibility tests done after IDF, I am expecting around 30%, of course that Core has too many defficiencies. One of the things I don't buy is it being better power efficient, and that, without taking into account the bloated memory frequencies and FSB power consumption.

I wonder too who's Intel fooling with the "chinese story" of accumulating inventories on purpose in the case the extremely ambitious transition to 65nm on Conroe has a misshap, but taken at face value, confirms my thesis of the complexities of "Coredump".

On the other hand, Intel "beat the expectations" on the same sense that Dell had a fantastic Q4, they both went up to give back everything they went up and then some more. Nevertheless, AMD wasn't (so far) dragged down.

From "Intel down / AMD jeopardy"
<<
Paradoxically, it seems that a positive result from Intel will ease the pressure against AMD, the market will just say:

"Oh, very well, so Intel is back on track, regaining market share from AMD. We are not going to downgrade AMD because giving back market share was already priced in, but perhaps we can analyze again forward earnings"
>>

I thought the scenario of Intel pleasing Wall Street as moot to discuss, but it happened (very close to the 20 cents EPS and with a murky conference call, as predicted, by the way), thus no AMD tanking.

Another thing is that the market seems that indeed is down, perhaps Intel went too far in Europe, non-processor Intel businesses are also down, Sandisk reported down, the market for silicion manufacturing supplies is also down.

If you are curious to know, I over leveraged before IDF, so I have been painfully squeezing some gains with complex trades, mostly hedging to prevent a margin call in case of a catastrophe, and certainly, the latest reactions to the earnings reports haven't help.

Wednesday, April 19, 2006

Alpha and Beta's bloody fight for supremacy

For the record:

Intel will report down, and will bring AMD with it.

Why? The money in Intel looks for a greedy monopoly, not a technology leader. AMD is a technology leader, looking to establish an ecosystem.

It doesn't matter whether it is a pack of wild dogs or entire nations, or companies: Whenever Beta is gaining strength and Alpha is weakening, it always happens that the supremacy has to be decided, and a bloody battle ensues.

One of the battlegrounds for companies are prices, thus the price wars. Another is the legal system. The market perception, etc.

This battle promises to be fought on all terrains: Servers, Mobiles, Desktops, Finances, Media; because the challenger is strengthening in all terrains.

Fortunately, AMD's management has been avoiding the conflict and at the same time preparing for it. I always felt fine about their appallingly modest goals, but at the same time they demonstrate not being afraid of the conflic, if necessary.

There are two more things:

How is it possible that Intel is down in a strong market (weak market is bullshit according to my appreciations): Because they had to resort to aggressive pricing to clear their channel, and the problem is far from over because according to my calculations, AMD took 1.5% market share in Q1.

Intel will do their book manipulations and media spins to make it appear that they are close to $0.20 EPS, so expect a murky conference call meeting.

Won't Intel going down infuse enthusiasm for AMD? After all every Intel problem is due to AMD's successes: No, because observers will want to wait until the battle is nearly over, not now, when it is just about to begin.

But still, the market capitalization relationship is very wide, if Intel goes down 1% and all that money goes to AMD, AMD should jump 8%, there would be substantial migration of that sort that will mitigate the previously described dynamics.

And a possible strong bottom is the 200 days EMA ($28+) because at that level the T.A.s will start to cover/load, the long term investors will keep asking: But this company can still sell processors no matter what Intel does, some earnings will come here, it can win the war, etc., etc., providing hard support.

Tuesday, April 18, 2006

Are you worried... -- READ AGAIN, MAJOR CHANGES

[MAJOR UPDATE]

We have been discussing the Core µ-arch. here.

Let us focus on the complexity aspect and try to put it on perspective.

What has happened with Intel's attempts at complex products?

Let's set up the time frame starting with March 8th 2000, when Intel launched the Pentium III 1GHz (two days after AMD launched the Athlon 1GHz)

2000: Tried the 1.13 GHz Pentium III that wouldn't even compile the Linux kernel, great... embarrasment which was recalled

2000: Let me introduce you to the illustrious lineage of the Netburst µ-architecture, Pentium 4s designed from the ground up to eventually run at 10GHz (Never went over the 4GHz, and that pushing the envelop too much):

Willamette: tied to the showstopper Rambus memory (RDRAM), meaningless gigahertz, hot.

P4 Northwood: Introduced the infamous Hyperthreading, severely criticized by everyone + dog: Insecure, was actually a performance hindrance, quoting Ibbotsons' quotation in that article: "Intel had sold hyperthreading as something that gave performance gains to heavily threaded software. SQL Server is very thread-intensive, but it suffers. In fact, I've never seen performance improvement on server software with hyperthreading enabled. We recommend customers [to] disable it". Intel decided to ditch the feature for good. If you are curious to know why it never worked: because it trashes the caches.

From Wikipedia:
"Overclocking early stepping Northwood cores yielded a startling phenomenon. When VCore was increased past 1.7 V, the processor would slowly become more unstable over time, before dying and becoming totally unusable. This is believed to have been caused by the physical phenomenon known as Electromigration, where the internal pathways of the CPU become degraded over time due to excessive electron energy. This was also known as Sudden Northwood Death Syndrome."

Gallatin (Extreme Edition): Marketing answer to Athlon64's launch better known as "Emergency Edition"

Prescott: "Upon release, the Prescott turned out to generate approximately 40% more heat clock-for-clock than the Northwood, and almost every review of it was negative", wikipedia again.

Cedar Mill: 65nm Prescott with better thermals.

Tejas: Promised for 2005, was cancelled.

Itanium: Sights! don't get me started! This was in late 90's Intel's flagship product in every roadmap. When it became apparent that it was too complex, unsuitable for the consumer market, became a high end proposition only. It was supposed to embody the plans for the 64 bits transition Intel had. Once, after years (!) of delays, it finally came to the market, to demonstrate:

Mediocre to very bad on-chip x86 performance, general underwhelmer, hasn't crossed the 100nm barrier (difficult to manufacture? out of preference at Intel?), difficult to improve.

The Itaniums are very complex µ-architectures. I studied the (then known as) IA-64s so much and decided to forget all about it, is because I finally got to the point that I understood that the µ-architecture was so complex that it was easy to see that it wasn't going to ever be implemented well enough.
There is one issue I am delving about: Intel's apparent incompetence to manufacture new processors. I am still baffled by the fact that Itaniums are not produced at the very least at 90nm processes, by the slow conversion to 65nm...

Intel did try other stuff, such as getting into the 3D Video Accelerators game, much before nVidia's debunked 3Dfx from the top, to colossal failure.

Dual Cores: The embarrasment of the dual-dices, until Yonah. Clovertown: a twin dual core? Are you joking? should I be afraid of a product that intrinsically demonstrates incompetence to do the right thing? [remember, a dual die processor is, for all practical purposes, a dual processor except for the number of sockets]

EM64T: Intel's µ-architectures have two kinds of decoders: The simple decoders, and a kitchen sink for complex intructions called the complex decoder. I have explained that AMD64 defines a much larger register file that improves performance by itself. But at Intel processors, 64 bit code runs slower. There is every reason to think that the 64 bits are emulated in microcode, overwhelming the complex decoder. This is important, because it is very apparent that the 64 bits are not pervasive to the whole architecture. Intel hasn't managed to clone this AMD feature right. It must be very difficult, because Yonah was initially promised to be 64bits and it isn't. This led to yet another embarrasment, Sossaman, which HP decided to skip altogether. Sossaman is a Server Chip (is it?) tied to 32 bits (!!), with low power (both as in less electrical consumption as performance capabilities).

Itanium was complicated on purpose to scare the competition away from it. But Intel over did the complication and became enmeshed by it. In any case, just as a clear thinking mind is able to conclude that Itanium is too complex to ever be implemented properly, a clear mind reaches the conclusion that it is very unlikely that Intel can truly cope with Conroe's complexity.

Let me speak about marginal benefits: The efforts to improve are increasingly harder to do, and decreasingly significant, until the benefits that you can obtain are not worth the effort. Intel decided that the Pentium III was a dead end way back in late 90's, that's why they took the Pentium4 route.

But since the Pentium 4 very early on demonstrated its utter inadequacy for low power consumption, Intel gave the Pentium III one last chance to do the "mobile shift" and the Pentium M was born. Since Intel eventually came to the full realization that the Pentium 4 was utterly inadequate all around, not just about power consumption, they awoke to the fact that they didn't have anything in store, but the Pentium Pro's great grand child, the Pentium M to keep producing something.

But since this architecture was already terminally mature at 1999, there was no other recourse but to apply the brute force approach to it: Gigantic cache, widening of data ways, deepening of buffers, proliferation of execution units, some more transistors to turn off all these numerous execution units that are going to be idle most of the time because it is so hard to keep them well fed, and also, some more dauntingly complex logic to push hard the reordering to try to squeeze some more drops of parallelism to feed something to the execution units.

This petty monster is huge, thus will also demand to apply brute force to other aspects: having so many transistors will be much harder to produce; all of these complexities lead very naturally to nasty complications.

Thus, the bottom line is that Intel would have to execute perfectly a long chain of challenging activities to mass market these very costly beasts that anyway won't be able to sell expensive because AMD will remain very competitive; so, in the best of the scenarios, if Intel succeeds, it may have products that regain the performance crown fleetingly and from which they won't be able to profit much.

Where is the money going to come from to keep the profligate expending in marketing, in building "Copy Exactly!" inflexible fabs, and in sustaining the Wall Street patronage of dividends and buy-backs?

There is a point when marketing doesn't provide the products the market requires because those products need solid engineering to be made. That's why in this whole 7 year period, Intel has been able to only come up with only two worthy products: The Pentium (III) M, and the Corpse Duo, designed by the same team that designed the Corpse µ-arch (Conroe). But come on, politics at Intel must be so intense that it had to be from the outer confines of the company, in Israel, where they found a designing team that will lay out the future of the company. And these boys really, paraphrasing Sharikou, seem to be apprentices when compared to the truly awesome Grand Masters assembled at AMD, the creators of DCA, HTT, AMD64, Pacifica, Presidio, innovations in the Alpha µ-arch., DDR, SOI, sSOI, APM...

The fundamental question is this: Do you really believe Intel will succeed at the Core µ-architecture's complexity contravening important design principles given this track record of failures, and at the same same AMD will stand still having a µ-architecture so well designed with so much room to improve?

I stick to Dr. Ruiz and Mr. Meyer's management, with the Grand Masters designing products, and the German Produktionsleiten operating the factories. In all three dimensions I am going to keep succeeding, I can bear mediocrity at marketing. And I respect Mr. Richard's work, but he has a tough job working for a company so focused on production and engineering that really doesn't indulge in marketing displays.

Monday, April 17, 2006

Intel down will be interpreted as AMD's jeopardy

What would happen if Intel reports bad results?

For sure, AMD will tank. The market will interpret Intel's failure to even meet lowered mid quarter guidance as a crisis that will demand drastic measures, and Intel's desperation, although directly caused by AMD's superior all-across-the-board technology, won't be interpreted as AMD's possibilities, but as jeopardy.

With an Intel fighting for the survival of its monopoly, the market will perceive AMD as a riskier investment, with the extra risk not compensated by the confirmation of superior technology, improvements in brand equity and the demonstrated improved ability to supply and actually *sell* the products. I say this because all of these facts have been confirmed already by AMD's latest earnings report, that produced a 16% plunge (and counting), thus I don't see why the market will appreciate them better after Intel's report than what it is now.

Thus, AMD will go down even further.

Paradoxically, it seems that a positive result from Intel will ease the pressure against AMD, the market will just say:

"Oh, very well, so Intel is back on track, regaining market share from AMD. We are not going to downgrade AMD because giving back market share was already priced in, but perhaps we can analyze again forward earnings"

If the market does that, then it will give AMD a deserved 20x (forward) P/E and AMD will climb to more or less $34, which provided resistance to the thesis of giving back market share, Intel's price war before the introduction of Conroe, and the Conroe family effect on the competitive situation. Of course, this thing is moot because Intel won't report positive results.

But the market is very wrong: AMD has an 8-lane freeway completely clear to sell everything it manages to produce from here to the mass production of Conroe and derivatives, that we have calculated can't happen before 2007. Intel won't recourse to a price war (I comically demonstrated the absurdity of such price war here) other than to clear its channel, thus the margins will keep high, and earnings will soar. By the time Conroe pressure really affects the market, I am very confident that AMD's Grand Master architects, which are vastly superior to Intel's apprentices, will come up with newer appealing products superior to the NGMAs.

And that's accepting the claims that Conroe is superior to the expected FXs for the 2H, which are very dubious; giving Intel the benefit of the doubt about being able to cope with the complexity of the Corpse µ-arch., that it manages to raise the capital needed to build the fabs it needs to mass produce them ("Copy Exact!" seems to have proved extremely inflexible due to the mix of miniaturization levels in Intel products (Itaniums, the flagship high end product is produced at 130nm!!)), and that AMD doesn't kill them before with a smash such as 16Mb L3 caches (based on Z-Ram).

But, as Lord John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes of Tilton, famously summarized: "The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent"

Wednesday, April 12, 2006

Earnings and conference call

Recent update (today 4:46pm)

The official data here

$0.38 EPS, beating consensus ($0.29) by 30%; this can't be possibly "priced in", therefore, other things being equal, this justifies a jump of 30% over the prices after Q4 earnings, you do the math, I don't want to be accused of pumper.

Gross Margin Increased from 57.3% to 58.5%.

ASP up thanks to desktops and mobiles, Operons units up a lot (penetration in server space)

Guidance: flat. Conservative according to management and everybody else. Therefore, huge potential for upswings. Will Intel commit suicide by giving away its processors in a futile attempt to keep AMD from selling theirs? Remember that AM2 and Turion x2 are in store for this quarter, as well as the Analysts meeting, that could unveil "products and technologies that will put the competition in a reactive position", or something like that. It could be quadcores, zram roadmap, who knows what at 65nm, a new invention from the Grand Masters...

Management confirmed that long term projects are well on schedule.

Very lean inventories, demand for the highest end surpassed supply at times

They refused to say what percentage of production will come from Chartered while asked about the dramatic production increases reported (but Management didn't denied the increases either), so, we don't know how much it could be.

And R&D has grown a lot, the company believes so much in its future that it wants to keep being an attraction pole for top flight talent.

Where these positive news?: yes, very positive. But I am disappointed. Should this stock be at $35? no, but Wall Street doesn't want to give AMD the stock price it deserves based on forward guidance.

Is it in any financial, commercial, technological jeopardy? not at all, so you may roll over your options to shares.

Quarter GAAP
EPS
EPS,
non cash charge
excluded

Year EPS
P/E
Multipliers
Q2 06 0.38 0.38





Q1 06 0.38 0.38
Share Price 31.8

Q4 05 0.45 0.21





Q3 05 0.23 0.23
1.44 1.2 Est. Q2 22 27
Q2 05 0.09 0.09
1.15 0.91 Now 28 35
Q1 05 -0.04 -0.04
0.73 0.49 Q4 05 38 56
Q4 04 0.12 0.12
0.4 0.4 Q3 05 95 95

This table tell us that we are trading at 28x P/E. I got into AMD at 100x P/E.

Tuesday, April 11, 2006

Core Microarchitecture

In summary:
Core is very complicated. It is theoretically capable of executing 4 instructions simultaneously, for which it has been designed a set of features to try to keep those numerous execution units busy.

It will be very difficult to improve the architecture itself (no integrated memory controller ever, nor Hyper Transport), so despite its name, it isn't a new architecture in the revolutionary sense the Hammer/Opteron still is, nor it is conceived to last for a generation.

As soon as 64bit benchmarks come out, look for the comparison between the speed of the same programs compiled at 32 and 64 bits. If the performance at 64 bits is not better than 20% faster, equal, or even slower, then Core is dead at 64 bits, Intel won't ever be able to overhaul the arch. for 64 bits. But be prepared to see a jump of over 40% speed improvement compared to 32 bits.

Chances are that it will be difficult and costly to manufacture, do not expect it to be available in market dominating quantities before 2007

You can also expect the Grand Masters to come with a Grand Slam that could make look Core as primitive and obsolete as we look at pentiumIIIs today.

Saturday, April 08, 2006

Core Microarchitecture for AMD investors

These are the points of the summary:

1) Complexity: It is very ambitious. I am sure that Intel will experience delays at development, because there are a number of features that directly interact with most of the µ-arch. This means that these features may generate combinatorially large numbers (millions) of pair interaction problems and running conditions extremely hard to nail down.

2) All that complexity only produces marginal benefits. If you take at face value Intel claims, having widened the µ-arch. from 3 to 4 issuance, in the very best of cases they achieved a 33% performance improvement compared to Banias; but it can be demonstrated that the theoretical maximum is not achieved in practice, not even with superlinear features such as instruction fusion.

3) All that complexity also translates into lots of transistors to support the advanced feautures, this makes the processor larger, costlier to manufacture, and hotter when running.

4) All of the extra features can't be possibly used 100% of the time, therefore they reduce the overall utilization of resources, expect less power efficiency too.

5) If 7 years ago the obsession for higher clock speeds that gave birth to the infamous Pentium 4 was in the opposite direction to where industry was moving, which eventually proved Intel catastrophically wrong; the newest "reordering" obsession (trying to extract parallelism from sequential instruction flows instead of the current industry focus on easing explicit parallelism) is again, the opposite of what the rest of the industry is trying to do.

6) see below

7) Even Hannibal agrees with me in that this µ-architecture just doesn't have room to grow. (Although he mentions that Intel may have 5 years in store with it, he is very explicit about that the improvements won't come architecturally but through miniaturization)

8) This emphasis in reordering (to extract paralellism from serial instruction flows) suits single-threaded execution. Intel supposedly is designing for the future processors fine tuned and optimized to run old fashioned serial and single threaded code. The software community is trying its best to go parallel; this reinforces my appreciation that Intel's NGMA is really a stop gap to contain AMD in 2007-2008 when they can come up with a truly new architecture with internal memory controller and all.

9) No possible way to integrate in this mess the memory controller, it is far too complicated already. So, AMD's main advantage will continue to make all Intel's efforts futile for the foreseable future.



Remember that AMD64 has two different things: a) the architectural difference of having the extended register set, which is more important than: b) the computation in packets of 64 bits


6) The introduction of Instruction Fusion implies a major chance in all the decoders and most execution units already, thus there is every reason for Intel to include the REX prefixes decoding essential for EMT64/AMD64 into the simple instruction decoders rather than the complex sequencer. Thus, the AMD64 architecture won't be "emulated" through microcode as it seems now. Also, since Intel widened so many components, it is totally reasonable to expect normal computation at 64 bits; therefore AMD will not have an specific advantage here.

10) But, there is one issue: AMD64 defines a register file twice the size; this exponentiates chances to do reordering. For that reason alone one could get over 50% performance benefits. Thus, in Core, code for AMD64/EMT64 could actually run much faster than in today's Opterons.

I guess that Intel may be up to something radical such as extending EMT64 with another 16 General Purpose Registers, or extending the instruction set with three-addresses operations to make use of the enhanced width. Today, the whole x86 arch. is two-addresses (it is too technical to explain this issue here in greater detail).

Don't panic if Core processors run much faster at EMT64 than AMD's; this is not something hard to solve for the "Grand Masters" in future generations


In conclusion, I seriously doubt that Intel could succeed being a contrarian to very evident design principles; but further than that, there is an obvious performance improvement when you follow the brute force approach of putting "more of everything" in a µ-processor.

But with larger caches, and bloated execution units, Intel is multiplying costs to obtain marginal performance benefits.

That is the nature of their price war: They will do brute-force chips to (try to) outcompete in performance AMD's well balanced propositions.

Just one trick in store from Mr. Derrick Meyer's team and the whole game is over for Intel; if things keep the same, AMD still will have very competitive products for the mid-performance (and value) segments, and undisputed leadership in 2-way processors and up.

The architectural situation is extremely important because it defines which company is going to make successful products, it is also an issue of long term ample consequences, that's why I think it is so worthy of being carefully looked at. To help myself with the insight some posters at the message board can provide, and also to stirr some discussion, I have posted early drafts of most of what you see here in the last few weeks, posts that garnered good discussion threads, still worthy of taking a look. This summary was posted here at the Yahoo AMD message board

Also, I posted my impressions about the information that came out of IDF here, but I have changed my opinion on aspects such as 64bits since then. And very importantly, the famous Bob Colwell's Stanford Lecture (video link here) (he is the father of the P6 architecture) which I commented about here.

I have already settled on a stance about Core, summarized in this article, but I encourage you to leave comments/questions (with a callsign at least, please!), that may help.

Thursday, April 06, 2006

Conversation with the Ticker

I am looking at AMD's ticker every once in a while, and I don't believe what he is telling me. So, we got into an argument, that goes more or less like this:

Chicagrafo: "You've got to be kidding me! Is it down today?"

Ticker: Yep, Chi, it is down.

Chi - How come? Any bad news?

Tic - No, only good news, the usual stuff. Joe Osha bashed Intel, Fraunhoffer-Gesselschaft announced a R&D partnership with Infineon and AMD, a German magazine announced Dual Core Turion Features such as 1Mb L2 x 2, independent core voltage management, DDR2 - 800 dual channel; there are talks to expand/build factories in Dresden to the tune of 5.8 Gigadollars... should I go on?

Chi - Nah, not necessary. What has Sharikou been fighting about today?

Tic - That Chartered is 65nm and that Fab36 started commercial production in late Feb the latest.

Chi - Sounds like right to me, if not, the fact that there is a discussion about it means that at the very least they are ahead of schedule. What about the Hash and Ace?

Tic - Ace has been bullish, and Hash has been quiet, both for a change.

Chi - Cool. That means that we are about to break out with vengeance

Tic - Oh, no, you are down another 2%

Chi - What about the indexes?

Tic - They are all up

Chi - Fuc*, I don't Fu***** understand what's going on!

Tic - Another 1% down

Chi - What are the bashers saying!?

Tic - They are just repeating themselves: the Coredump, Mere-0 and Whocares prayers, saying that AMD is a POS, how much they have won shorting, saying that longs are stupid, bashing Sharikou.

Tic - Oh, another 0.5% down

Chi - Damn! that's 3.5% in a few minutes.

Chi - I will go back in a few minutes, I want to re-check my calculations for Earnings

After 5 minutes

Chi - It is more than $0.49 EPS, that means over $2 year, at 20x multiplier (5% APR on investment) $40 minimum per share. How are we?

Tic - Low 34s

Chi - What the hell?? why?

Tic - It seems that Q1 earnings are a moot point

Chi - Is that so?

Tic - Yeah, you know, the price war

Chi - The price war that can't happen? But if AMD has outclassed Intel so much, that they are not competition, who cares about the prices of the (de)celerons and xeons? Who is going to throw away good money on the rest of the computer to put an underperformer at the center?

Tic - Don't ask me, I am not guilty...

Chi - Aren't you? there must be something in your charts that say that you've to sell AMD...

Tic - Oh, no, it is that the Technical Analysts see that after the multiyear high there is no support

Chi - You're not convincing me, some people in the message board say that the specialist has been manipulating the closing price

Tic - Don't mess with my master. Are you one of those who believe in conspiracies?

Chi - Well, no, I don't; but there's got to be an explanation about why with so great news AMD goes down... do you know well your master?

Tic - Nobody knows well my master

Chi - Man, it is very frustrating all you are telling me, you are not helpful

Tic - I always strive to be of service, but some people wants to kill the messenger of bad news...

Chi - What are you talking about?, you always bring good news about AMD, and absurdly low share prices, there's got to be something wrong

Tic - I am well connected...

Chi - It is a conspiracy. I can't think of any other explanation... Let me check again, who are AMD partners or customers?

Tic - Sun Microsystems, nVidia, Rackable, Hewlett Packard, Soitec, eMachines/Gateway, Lenovo...

Chi - Ok!!, who among them is not doing well in the stock market??

Tic - They are all doing terrific. You interrupted my list, even Google is doing AMD. Just after the news of Google going AMD it was included in the S&P 500 index with an appreciation of 12.5%... Let me tell you a secret: All AMD partners/customers are doing fantastic, because AMD has magical properties.

Chi - What??? do you, the embodyment of cold computer logic dare speaking about magic?? Anyway, tell me who is not using AMD

Tic - Dell, Toshiba, Sony, Apple

Chi - Yeah, I know about Dell, you may remember that I also have bearish positions against it.

Tic - Yes, I remember. May I remind you that your bearish positions in Dell have given you most of your non-ethanol related recent gains?

Chi - Very kind of you. Well, Toshiba has been pushed over by Acer, right?

Tic - Indeed

Chi - Perhaps in this April, due to the lawsuit, the Japanese may start their new yearly cycle doing AMD, am I right?

Tic - I have no news on the subject

Chi - Thank you. What about Apple?

Tic - Doing very well

Chi - So the Corpse Duo is good!

Tic - I wouldn't say so. It seems that Apple is receiving a lot of help to make the transition from Intel, and it seems that Apple is better at extracting kickbacks from Intel than Dell itself

Chi - Any chance about Apple doing AMD?

Tic - No news about it, but it has been remembered that Apple and Steve Jobs have established a reputation of shooting themselves in the foot

Chi - What? Explain yourself

Tic - Yes, a reputation of doing a great innovative package with inferior components, such as the original iPod with the faulty batteries, or doing awful packages with superior components such as the PowerBook 150. They also do the opposite of what they should, such as allowing MacOsX to run in PCs and being active at allowing Windows to run in Macs...

Chi - ...and choosing Intel instead of AMD... They've got to have a lot of feet to spare!

Chi - But anyway that contradicts your "magic" theory

Tic - Oh, no, it doesn't. AMD's magic is "white", positive, it helps customers and partners, it doesn't gives bad karma to the skeptics.

Chi - That's interesting... perhaps it is not a matter of magic, but cold business reasons: AMD leaves a lot of profits to be made because it is not exploitative and believes in cooperation, the ecosystem; and Apple is doing well because it is exploting Intel, who now is not available to be exploited by Dell, to the detriment of the later.

Chi - What about my article about the subject, Ticker?

Tic - Only has a few reads, but one (contrarian) comment. Sharikou dismissed it, though.

Chi - No, I am asking about your opinion

Tic - I will confide that my fellow newstickers and friends in the Media have been spinning too much positive news about Intel and negative about AMD. My Masters have asked me to do the same, but you're too clever to be fooled, so I will keep being fair to you

Chi - I appreciate that. Thus you agree that once this stock reaches $45+ it will have to slide all the way to the next quarterly report, Dual Core Turions notwithstanding, and stuff like that, right?

Tic - Yes. And instead of selling shares or buying puts your strategy of writing monthly calls seems better

Chi - You are not saying that just to please me, right?

Tic - Oh, no, I see that AMD doesn't have much chance of crashing down, so it doesn't plays all that well to puts, but the core issue is that once momentuous news such as an earnings report is priced into the stock, it has been demonstrated that there are no good news that kick the price up; not even Dellienware was able to sustain a meager 4%, thus little chances of a permanent intra quarter upswing play very well to the short term call writer.

Chi - That's what I thought.

Chi - How are we doing?

Tic - Green. Another bull trap, perhaps

Chi - About your "magic" theory, why is it that AMD is down?

Tic - I think that it is because the positive magic is spent in partners and customers, so there is nothing left for its own stock price.

Chi - I see. It is that Wall Street doesn't see a company governed by greed, that is not appealing to them. Let me explain it to you: Other things equal, every $1 that goes out of Intel's market cap should mean one dollar getting into AMD's market cap, but because of their relative sizes, 1% Intel's market cap means like 7% AMD's. If Intel is down 10%, AMD should be up 70%, but that isn't happening; thus the money that goes out of Intel's market cap doesn't end up in AMD's, something similar happens with Intel's profits. That's why WS may agree about the whole market down; perhaps it is not that at all, but that AMD is behaving like a Robin Hood, taking the extortionately high Intel's profits and leaving them in the ecosystem, and Wall Street doesn't really understand where the money is going.

Tic - Thus AMD isn't winning all that money, being so small, doesn't it make it vulnerable?, perhaps it is not such a good long term investment

Chi - Nah, AMD increasingly will get protection from the ecosystem, that will be the moat for the competitive advantages castle that Wall Street gurus like so much. Think about things such as nVidia's NBP (nVidia Business Platform) that is defined with an AMD processor at the core.

Tic - Hmmm... only if it manages to survive until consolidating the ecosystem...

Chi - Of course!, what?, do you honestly think that the perfectionist Germans are going to screw up in production? Do you seriously concern yourself about the Grand Masters not keeping up with outstanding architectures? Do you think that these guys battle hardened who most of them had a close encounter with Bankruptcy and in such circumstances pulled off DCA, ccHTT, AMD64, Dual Cores, SOI, sSOI, Fab36, APM are scared or worried about these times when they have pocketed the whole server market, 80% of Desktop retailing in the U.S., an explosion of production capacity, positive reviews, benchmarks, credibility, etc.?

Tic - You have good answers. It is very instructive to work for you. I will try to recommend these opinions to my other customers

Chi - Thank you, please let them know that History is being made, that whenever that happens, the nature of the changes is not readily understood, but that also principles have the tendency to prevail...

Tic - I sure will...

Tuesday, April 04, 2006

Riding the roller coaster

The little I know of the dynamics of AMD's share price is this:

1) There may be the most impressive stream of good news that I have seen about a competitive situation for a company, and yet AMD's stock price may slide and slide and slide.

2) If I am right about the current situation, we will touch $50 after the CC, but just to avoid disputes, I spoke of $45+

3) But there is no way to sustain that price level without the help of Wall Street. But since the last quarter, AMD became Wall Street's #1 enemy, and I am being serious:
a) This is a disrruptive company, that WS doesn't like because it is not able to understand is cooperative model.
b) This company is destroying a former largest capitalization company not to replace it with itself, but with an ecosystem (!!)
c) Being neither exploitative nor monopolistic, AMD simply doesn't appeal to Wall Street, although the tertiary industries (such as chipsets) that it may create could be good for the whole world

4) Wall Street has to defend the $80 billion it has on Intel somehow.

5) Having WS as your enemy means that the formidable leverage on the media will be exploited to the maximum against you. Every positive spin on Intel (bad) news will be highlighted, every negative spin on AMD will be highlighted too. We have lost the game of perception before hand.
a) Look at Conroe: That is a dead end, over complicated tweaked processor, and it is duped just like the Vergelstungswaffen that will bury AMD.
b) Look at the price war that is not happening but that AMD already lost.

6) Most investors are not able to resist a concerted brainwashing effort from the whole of Wall Street. I am an engineer with solid background in µ-proc architectures; yet, I must confess that I have doubted my knowledge trying to give it a chance to Conroe, all because I intuitively feel that I can't be right and the whole world wrong. Well, this is me accepting a bit of brainwash. Anyway, must investors don't have my experience, so, they are vulnerable, and they will lose faith, they will sell, the money will get out of AMD, and the price will fall

7) Once the price starts to fall, the "technical analysts" will see bearish tendencies on it, and will intensify them, so we will have once again the whole brunt of the day traders selling and the stock price sliding

8) Until new conference calls or news of such caliber take the price back to where it belongs, only to reiterate the cycle.

You see?
We will have plenty of opportunities to buy cheap.

I myself will be aware of when the bashers and the technical analysts start to come back to AMD and speak of bearish signs, not to short AMD, but to write (covered) short term calls to be closed/let allowed to expire worthless, and buy back when the absurdly cheap levels are even understood by the bashers. In this cycle it was $34, next cycle I think it will be $38